sipa changed the topic of #bitcoin-wizards to: This channel is for discussing theoretical ideas with regard to cryptocurrencies, not about short-term Bitcoin development | http://bitcoin.ninja/ | This channel is logged. | For logs and more information, visit http://bitcoin.ninja
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<bumblefuzz>
there are a million altcoins
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<bumblefuzz>
which one is going to be a big deal like bitcoin?
<bumblefuzz>
or are any of them going to be
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<astro>
Seems like the only reason we'd have alts in the future is if they offer something bitcoin doesn't. The question of what bitcoin _can't_ be is an interesting one.
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<astro>
In other words, what decisions has btc made (or will have to make), do the alternative choices have value, and what alt has those choices?
<astro>
so good luck figuring that out bumblefuzz :)
<bumblefuzz>
I think ethereum has value like that
<bumblefuzz>
its scope is certainly broader than bitcoin's
<bumblefuzz>
but I'm curious what everyone else thinks
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<instagibbs>
#bitcoin, or #altcoin, or something. Not here.
<phantomcircuit>
instagibbs, shills
<phantomcircuit>
notice how he left immediately after posting his spam
<gmaxwell>
#bitcoin was getting hit with it earlier. :(
* midnightmagic
shrugs.
<midnightmagic>
better than cholbyspam
<phantomcircuit>
midnightmagic, no it's clearly worse
<phantomcircuit>
the cholby spam is obviously spam, this is far more nefarious
<phantomcircuit>
i've yet to see cholby ask for money
<midnightmagic>
equivalently ineffective.
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<matsjj>
in the EC Field, does multiplication work, such that K2=K1*p and k2=k1*p with K the pub and k the priv key respectively? Or is there some other operation like addition where something similar holds?
<matsjj>
with p as a scalar
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<sipa>
matsjj: yes, that's the principle behind ECDH
<sipa>
you have x1 and x2, with corresponding public keys Q1 and Q2, and both sides compute the same P = x1*Q2 = x2*Q2
<sipa>
oh, you were just asking about scalar multiplication
<sipa>
yes
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<sipa>
that holds
<sipa>
(though it's a group, not a field)
<matsjj>
And is it difficult to find the scalar, given K1 and K2?
<sipa>
it holds for every scalar
<sipa>
if K1=k1*G, then K1*p = (k1*p)*G for every scalar p
<matsjj>
Right, so I could give someone K1, K2 and p, and he could be sure that if he ever learns about k1, he can also calculate k2, right?
<sipa>
yes
<sipa>
you can just K1 and p
<sipa>
or give K2 and p; you can calculate K1 as K2*(1/p)
<matsjj>
oh indeed
<sipa>
if the elliptic curve points formed a group, you could multiply two points
<sipa>
eh, if they formed a field
<sipa>
and there is something similar with addition as well
<matsjj>
I was thinking about http://lists.linuxfoundation.org/pipermail/lightning-dev/2015-November/000309.html - in lightning a payment can be related using the same hash R across the whole route. If we replace that with priv/pub keys, we could use above instead of using SNARKS ... would need something like OP_CHECKPUBPRIVKEY though
<sipa>
if K1=k1*G, then k2=k1+p and k2*G=K2=K1+p*G
<sipa>
that's the basis behind BIP32 derivation
<matsjj>
I think I read BIP32 3 times already, but still was not sure about the background hehe
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<matsjj>
sipa, another question. given that BIP62 was withdrawn now, most of the 3rd party attack vectors are only embedded using isStandard, so a miner could still modify the txid, right?
<sipa>
yes
<sipa>
but bip62 didn't protect against the type of malleability needed for many use cases anyway
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<matsjj>
and miners have more degrees of freedom in changing it than just the s value, also correct? Can they also change OP_0 into OP_PUSH1[0x00]?
<sipa>
yup
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<sipa>
or add dummies to the scriptSig
<matsjj>
given a normal 1-input-1-p2sh-output, how big is the vector? is it feasible? 2 values for the s value * ... ?
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<matsjj>
oh he can do OP_DROP in the scriptSig... so it's practically unlimited
<tulip>
pushdata can be mutated too.
<sipa>
practically unlimted, indeed
<matsjj>
Will SW solve this problem sufficiently?
<sipa>
completely
<sipa>
as the scriptSig data no longer influences the txid
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<matsjj>
how is the txid calculated then?
<sipa>
mutating it has no effect
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<sipa>
using everything except the scriptSig :)
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<sipa>
scriptSigs, even
<matsjj>
isn't it the same as NORMALIZED_TXID then?
<sipa>
no, normalized txid doesn't change the actual txid, it just adds a new txid that's only used in sighash
<sipa>
segregated witness effectiverly moves the scriptSig out of the transaction
<matsjj>
I see! On the mailist list rusty said luke came up with a way to softfork SW into bitcoin?
<sipa>
yeah, i'm working on an implementation
<matsjj>
cool! But how do you make sure old clients are accepting these?
<sipa>
they don't
<sipa>
as the client decides the type of outouts they accept
<matsjj>
but then its a hard fork?
<sipa>
or do you mean how to make old full nodes accept them? easy, make them look like anyone can spend outputs
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<matsjj>
hm. do you have a writeup about that? I have a hard time constructing such a transaction in my head
<sipa>
say for example the output is "<somehash> OP_7"
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<sipa>
to old clients, this can be spent with a scriptSig of ""
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<sipa>
but we add a new field to transactions, the witness, one per input
<sipa>
which contains both the actual redeem script (whose hash matches the hash in the output) and its inputs
<sipa>
to old nodes, this witness does not exist (it's filtered out on relay)
<matsjj>
and it's not signed then either?
<sipa>
it contains the signature
<matsjj>
oh right
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<sipa>
but it is not included in the sighash
<aj>
sipa: "and its inputs" ?
<sipa>
scriptSigs aren't in the sighash either (which is exactly the probpem, if they were, they woulkdn't be malleable"
<sipa>
aj: the data needed for it to evaluate to true, what typically went into the scriptSig
<aj>
sipa: oh, "the redeem script" just means the p2sh script from the input tx then?
<sipa>
oh, OP_NOP7 also checks whether the actual scriptSig is empty... otherwise it would still be malleable
<matsjj>
sipa, is there a public document describing that? I am only finding posts writing over it, but nothing technical
<sipa>
aj: yes, and its data inputs
<sipa>
matsjj: no, i've been working on this for the past two weeks, changing design a dozen times
<sipa>
i'll post some writeup soon
<matsjj>
great stuff, thanks for working on it!
<sipa>
i'll also present on it in hongkomg
<sipa>
hongkong
<aj>
what matsjj said; great idea, but sounds like hell to implement :)
<matsjj>
what is your impression, how long would it take to see it fully implemented?
<aj>
sipa: i assume this means lots of new index stuff so you can query by witness versus txid
<sipa>
you can have a look at github.com/sipa/bitcoin/commits/segwit
<sipa>
aj: nope, none
<sipa>
you never need to query for the txid-including-witness
<sipa>
it's only needed inside block commitments
<sipa>
aj: that's the advantage over ntxid, which needs a map txid->ntxid in the chainstate
<aj>
sipa: oh, so tx's with segwit aren't malleable, rather than just it not mattering if they're malleated?
<sipa>
they aren't malleable at all, as their scriptSigs are required to be empty
<sipa>
the redeemscript and data inputs to it (the signature etc) are part of the witness, which is relayed alongside transactions and blocks, but not part of it
<sipa>
(but blocks contain a commitment to the witnesses)
<matsjj>
so it is true then, we save a lot of storage, right?
<sipa>
well you still need to store the witnesses
<sipa>
if you want to relay to full node
<sipa>
but the witness data is "more prunable", as you don't need it unless you want to validate signatures
<aj>
sipa: dropping witnesses (sounds like a mafia thing to do) gets you halfway to SPV; still validating total coins, just not signatures etc...
<sipa>
yup
<sipa>
i briefly considered a p2p message "subpoena" to request witnesses, but that might scare some people :)
<aj>
sipa: you'd have to come up with a "poena" call to use if they nacked your subpoena request too
<aj>
sipa: crossexamine might work though!
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<tulip>
aj: that's the first plausible use I've seen for the 12 character size of the p2p command field.
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<kanzure>
for those who need a secret decoder ring, SW is segregated witness
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<Eliel_>
So, SW would be similar as a transition to P2SH? It looks like it's doing basically the same thing. That is, it allows reworking the whole script system without breaking backward compatibility.
<Eliel_>
oh, I think it also effectively increases maximum block size.
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<nsh>
Eliel_, segregated witness has other benefits in terms of light clients and time to sync the blockchain wrt particular transactions of interest
<nsh>
and from there general network traffic and scaling consequences
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<Eliel_>
yes, I can see how that'd be easy to implement on the side.
<Eliel_>
might also make sense to accompany the soft work with a timed hard fork 5 years to the future that enables all disabled opcodes for old style scripts while changing them into OP_NOPs. Makes more room for future soft forks :P
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<sipa>
Eliel_: no need!
<sipa>
we can just add a vereion number to the script in the witness
<sipa>
if the version number is too high, it's automatically valid
<Eliel_>
well, if you design upgradability into SW, it could be unnecessary, but it seems like a waste to leave the old baggage laying around when you can clean it out.
<sipa>
that allows you to make any script changes as a soft fork
<Eliel_>
ok, that sounds like a good idea.
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<Eliel_>
but cleaning out the opcodes would allow you to use them as version numbers :P
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<sipa>
with a vereion number you can do that later on as a softfork :)
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<MRL-Relay>
[tacotime] aj: seg witness impl is actually trivial
<MRL-Relay>
[tacotime] could be coded up in a few hours
<MRL-Relay>
[tacotime] and you can see from the branch that it doesn't end up being very man loc
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<aj>
tacotime: great, have it on my desk by tomorrow morning then! ;)
<amiller_>
the spacecoin authors have been busy....
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<bsm1175321>
New mining algorithms are boring. :-/ Ultimately it still comes down to the economic assets devoted to mining, as measured externally. The algorithm or medium are completely immaterial.
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<maaku>
sipa: why not have the segwitness scriptPubKey be the hash160 of the redeemscript, and put the redeemscript in the witness?
<maaku>
is there a reason the redeemscript is needed by non-script-validating nodes?
<bsm1175321>
OTOH a diversity of algorithms would be interesting in preventing any one miner from becoming too large.
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<amiller_>
bsm117532, proofs of space aren't boring, i disagree
<bsm1175321>
amiller_: care to elaborate? ;-)
<sipa>
maaku: i was simplifying, that's the plan indeed (sha256, not hash160, as 160 bit is vulnerable to collisions)
<maaku>
sipa: ok awesome
<maaku>
I'll stop reviewing your branch until it is current then :)
<sipa>
maaku: that's implemented, actually
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<sipa>
maaku: for very small redeemscripts (less than 32 bytes), they can be in the scriptPubKey too (it doesn't add much complexity, but perhaps people consider this too much)
<andytoshi>
amiller_: they claim that high capital vs marginal costs is *good*, which is remarkable
<amiller_>
let's give 'em a break in this case... what i mean to call attention to today is that they've actually gone and implemented these graphs!
<andytoshi>
ok, fine :)
<instagibbs>
aw, I was hoping for Space mining
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<andytoshi>
let me at least complain that they comment on PoS without citing me
<andytoshi>
and are consequently wrong
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<andytoshi>
their anti-grinding mechanism also looks cool
<amiller_>
i have beef with the anti-grinding mechanism, bramc has some ideas of how to combine this with the proof of sequential work i find intersitng
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<andytoshi>
yeah, i just read it and it doesn't really make sense to me
<andytoshi>
it seems like they just define away grinding
<fluffypony>
andytoshi: the paper was of a high quality, compared to what we're used to
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<bsm1175321>
That it is, I'll give them that.
<fluffypony>
Intuitively PoSpace feels like it must suffer from an ability to cheat somewhere along the line
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<GreenIsMyPepper>
kanzure: yes, it's his nickname
<kanzure>
yeah but... wouldn't that be "thad" instead?
<kanzure>
or unrelated nickname?
<fluffypony>
I'm still digesting and reading, but everything seems to hinge on the unpredictable beacon I wonder if you couldn't do partial storage in the hopes the beacon covers what you actually have on disk
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<GreenIsMyPepper>
kanzure: i think he's the 3rd thaddeus in his family tree, so it needs some canonical identifier. he's said it's a problem of "name malleability"
<kanzure>
thanks, that makes much more sense now
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<kanzure>
(context: i had typoed his nickname in a reddit comment a few minutes ago, and just saw his email to lightning-dev with a different spelling from my first guess, so was confused)
<GreenIsMyPepper>
kanzure: haha yeah np. ahhh yeah it confuses me too ^_^
<instagibbs>
we'll just call him T
<kanzure>
yes i'm sure he'll realize that taking the entire namespace is far more practical than a unique member of the namespace
<jgarzik>
all humans should be named by hash
<kanzure>
and if you know their preimage, you-- wait, no, that's witchcraft, not wizardry.
<GreenIsMyPepper>
lol
<kanzure>
there actually is a large amount of decentralization in the human body regarding genomic content
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<bramc>
amiller_, Thanks, I'll look at that later. It should at least clarify what the API is a bit.
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<amiller_>
the mit student working on it is pretty sharp and totally has a grasp of how the graph is built, it's not that complicated, i invited him to show up here!
<yoleaux>
w00tsec: ARRIS Cable Modem has a Backdoor in the Backdoor
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<bramc>
amiller_, Did you see my babbling in channel about making the later challenges be based on the output of a proof of time on the earlier ones?
<amiller_>
i didn't look closely, no
<amiller_>
i did notice it
<bramc>
amiller_, The basic idea is that you want to prevent gaming from selecting outputs which result in later challenges which you yourself have good answers to, so you make the challenges be timelocked
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<moa>
what's a backdoor in a backdoor? ... a catflap?
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<belcher>
moa wicket gate
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